India Marks 165th Birth Anniversary of Freedom Fighter Madam Bhikaji Cama

Key facts

• India commemorated the 165th birth anniversary of freedom fighter Madam Bhikaji Cama on September 24, 2026.
• Madam Bhikaji Cama was born on September 24, 1861, in Bombay (now Mumbai) into a prominent Parsi family.
• On August 22, 1907, Cama became the first person to hoist an early design of the Indian national flag on foreign soil at the International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart, Germany.
• The flag she unfurled featured green, saffron, and red stripes, eight lotus flowers representing British Indian provinces, and the words 'Vande Mataram' inscribed across the central panel.
• Cama is referred to as the 'Mother of the Indian Revolution' for her revolutionary activities in Europe, where she operated from London and later Paris after relocating in the early 1900s.